1. Who is known as the father of Jurisprudence?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Austin
Answer: C) Jeremy Bentham
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Austin
Answer: C) Jeremy Bentham
2. The term ‘jurisprudence’ is derived from which language?
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) French
D) English
Answer: B) Latin
3. Who propounded the 'Pure Theory of Law'?
A) Hans Kelsen
B) H.L.A. Hart
C) Ronald Dworkin
D) John Austin
Answer: A) Hans Kelsen
4. According to H.L.A. Hart, which rule distinguishes legal rules from other rules?
A) Primary rules
B) Secondary rules
C) Tertiary rules
D) Fundamental rules
Answer: B) Secondary rules
5. Who developed the 'Theory of Utilitarianism'?
A) John Stuart Mill
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Thomas Hobbes
Answer: C) Jeremy Bentham
6. What does 'Stare Decisis' refer to?
A) Ignoring precedents
B) Following precedents
C) Establishing new laws
D) Overruling old laws
Answer: B) Following precedents
7. The 'Social Contract Theory' was advocated by:
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) John Locke
D) Karl Marx
Answer: C) John Locke
8. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'Natural Law'?
A) John Austin
B) Thomas Aquinas
C) Hans Kelsen
D) H.L.A. Hart
Answer: B) Thomas Aquinas
9. The concept of 'Rule of Law' was introduced by:
A) A.V. Dicey
B) Ronald Dworkin
C) Lon Fuller
D) Roscoe Pound
Answer: A) A.V. Dicey
10. Who is known for the 'Theory of Legal Positivism'?
A) Ronald Dworkin
B) John Austin
C) Hans Kelsen
D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: B) John Austin
11. Which jurist is associated with the 'Historical School of Jurisprudence'?
A) Savigny
B) Bentham
C) Austin
D) Kelsen
Answer: A) Savigny
12. Who is known for the 'Sociological School of Jurisprudence'?
A) Roscoe Pound
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) John Austin
D) H.L.A. Hart
Answer: A) Roscoe Pound
13. Which jurist developed the 'Concept of Legal Realism'?
A) Jerome Frank
B) Ronald Dworkin
C) H.L.A. Hart
D) Hans Kelsen
Answer: A) Jerome Frank
14. The 'Theory of Justice' was proposed by:
A) John Rawls
B) Ronald Dworkin
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Austin
Answer: A) John Rawls
15. The 'Pure Theory of Law' focuses on:
A) Morality of law
B) Legal norms
C) Social impact of law
D) Historical context of law
Answer: B) Legal norms
16. The term 'jurisprudence' means:
A) The study of court decisions
B) The philosophy of law
C) The practice of law
D) The enforcement of law
Answer: B) The philosophy of law
17. Who is associated with the 'Command Theory of Law'?
A) John Austin
B) Hans Kelsen
C) Roscoe Pound
D) H.L.A. Hart
Answer: A) John Austin
18. The 'Grammatical Interpretation of Law' refers to:
A) Literal interpretation of words
B) Contextual interpretation
C) Purposeful interpretation
D) Historical interpretation
Answer: A) Literal interpretation of words
19. Who is considered the father of the 'Analytical School of Jurisprudence'?
A) Jeremy Bentham
B) John Austin
C) Hans Kelsen
D) H.L.A. Hart
Answer: B) John Austin
20. 'Ex post facto law' means:
A) Law enacted after the occurrence of an event
B) Law enacted before the occurrence of an event
C) Law applied retrospectively
D) Law applied prospectively
Answer: C) Law applied retrospectively
21. 'Nemo dat quod non habet' means:
A) No one gives what he does not have
B) No one receives what he does not deserve
C) No one knows everything
D) No one can act beyond his power
Answer: A) No one gives what he does not have
22. The term 'ratio decidendi' refers to:
A) The reasoning behind a decision
B) The final judgment
C) The legal precedent
D) The dissenting opinion
Answer: A) The reasoning behind a decision
23. Who proposed the 'Five Commandments of Law'?
A) John Austin
B) H.L.A. Hart
C) Hans Kelsen
D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: B) H.L.A. Hart
24. The 'Doctrine of Precedent' is based on:
A) Stare decisis
B) Ratio decidendi
C) Obiter dicta
D) Legal realism
Answer: A) Stare decisis
25. 'Jus cogens' norms are:
A) Customary international laws
B) Peremptory norms of international law
C) Regional customary laws
D) Soft laws
Answer: B) Peremptory norms of international law
26. The term 'juridical' means:
A) Related to law and legal matters
B) Related to medicine
C) Related to politics
D) Related to economics
Answer: A) Related to law and legal matters
27. 'Lex loci contractus' refers to:
A) Law of the place where the contract is made
B) Law of the place where the contract is performed
C) Law of the place where the contract is breached
D) Law of the place where the contract is enforced
Answer: A) Law of the place where the contract is made
28. The principle of 'Ubi jus ibi remedium' means:
A) Where there is a right, there is a remedy
B) Where there is a law, there is justice
C) Where there is a will, there is a way
D) Where there is a remedy, there is a law
Answer: A) Where there is a right, there is a remedy
29. 'Lex fori' refers to:
A) Law of the forum or court
B) Law of the land
C) Law of the contract
D) Law of the parties
Answer: A) Law of the forum or court
30. The concept of 'Natural Justice' includes:
A) Right to be heard
B) Right to a fair trial
C) Rule against bias
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
31. Who is associated with the 'Functional School of Jurisprudence'?
A) Karl Llewellyn
B) Roscoe Pound
C) H.L.A. Hart
D) Hans Kelsen
Answer: A) Karl Llewellyn
32. The term 'jus gentium' means:
A) Law of nations
B) Law of land
C) Law of equity
D) Law of contract
Answer: A) Law of nations
33. The principle of 'Nemo judex in causa sua' means:
A) No one can be a judge in their own case
B) Everyone can be a judge
C) Judges have unlimited power
D) Judges can interpret law as they wish
Answer: A) No one can be a judge in their own case
34. The 'Social Contract Theory' explains:
A) The origin of society and government
B) The enforcement of law
C) The interpretation of law
D) The application of law
Answer: A) The origin of society and government
35. The concept of 'Sovereignty' is associated with:
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) John Locke
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: A) Thomas Hobbes
36. The term 'juridical person' refers to:
A) A legal entity recognized by law
B) A human being
C) A medical professional
D) A political figure
Answer: A) A legal entity recognized by law
37. The principle of 'Pacta sunt servanda' means:
A) Agreements must be kept
B) Contracts are voidable
C) Agreements can be broken
D) Contracts are non-binding
Answer: A) Agreements must be kept
38. Who developed the 'Functional Theory of Law'?
A) Karl Llewellyn
B) Roscoe Pound
C) H.L.A. Hart
D) Hans Kelsen
Answer: B) Roscoe Pound
39. The 'Theory of Justice' is associated with:
A) John Rawls
B) Ronald Dworkin
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Austin
Answer: A) John Rawls
40. The 'Doctrine of Natural Rights' was proposed by:
A) John Locke
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: A) John Locke
41.'Lex specialis derogat legi generali' means:
A) Specific law prevails over general law
B) General law prevails over specific law
C) Laws are equal
D) Laws can be ignored
Answer: A) Specific law prevails over general law
42. The principle of 'Res ipsa loquitur' means:
A) The thing speaks for itself
B) The thing is hidden
C) The thing is irrelevant
D) The thing is obscure
Answer: A) The thing speaks for itself
Question: The term 'sub judice' means:
A) Under judicial consideration
B) Outside judicial consideration
C) Decided by the court
D) Pending legislation
Answer: A) Under judicial consideration
43. 'Audi alteram partem' is a principle of:
A) Natural justice
B) Legal positivism
C) Analytical jurisprudence
D) Historical jurisprudence
Answer: A) Natural justice
44. Who is associated with the 'Philosophical School of Jurisprudence'?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) John Austin
D) Hans Kelsen
Answer: A) Immanuel Kant
45. The principle of 'Lex posterior derogat priori' means:
A) Later law repeals earlier law
B) Earlier law repeals later law
C) Laws are equal
D) Laws are redundant
Answer: A) Later law repeals earlier law
46. 'Fiat justitia ruat caelum' means:
A) Let justice be done though the heavens fall
B) Justice is blind
C) Justice delayed is justice denied
D) Justice must be served
Answer: A) Let justice be done though the heavens fall
47. The term 'legal fiction' refers to:
A) Assumption of a fact by the courts for legal reasons
B) Imaginary law
C) Legal novels
D) Fictional court cases
Answer: A) Assumption of a fact by the courts for legal reasons
48. The 'Golden Rule of Interpretation' refers to:
A) Interpretation of law according to literal meaning
B) Interpretation of law to avoid absurdity
C) Interpretation of law according to moral values
D) Interpretation of law based on precedent
Answer: B) Interpretation of law to avoid absurdity
49. 'Volenti non fit injuria' means:
A) To a willing person, no injury is done
B) Injury must be compensated
C) Injuries are punishable
D) Injuries are unavoidable
Answer: A) To a willing person, no injury is done
50. The concept of 'Legal Rights' was defined by:
A) Hohfeld
B) John Austin
C) Hans Kelsen
D) Roscoe Pound
Answer: A) Hohfeld
51. The 'Principle of Equity' aims to:
A) Provide fair and just outcomes
B) Follow strict legal rules
C) Ignore precedents
D) Apply only in criminal law
Answer: A) Provide fair and just outcomes
52. The term 'juridical act' refers to:
A) An act recognized by law
B) An illegal act
C) A moral act
D) A political act
Answer: A) An act recognized by law
53. The principle of 'Ultra vires' means:
A) Beyond the powers
B) Within the powers
C) According to law
D) Against equity
Answer: A) Beyond the powers
54. The 'Doctrine of Separation of Powers' was proposed by:
A) Montesquieu
B) John Locke
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Thomas Hobbes
Answer: A) Montesquieu
55. The term 'jurisdiction' refers to:
A) The authority of a court to hear a case
B) The power of the legislature
C) The functions of the executive
D) The duties of the police
Answer: A) The authority of a court to hear a case
56. The 'Rule of Law' ensures:
A) Equality before the law
B) Arbitrary use of power
C) Discrimination before the law
D) Absolute power of the government
Answer: A) Equality before the law
57. The term 'legal capacity' refers to:
A) The ability to enter into legal relationships
B) The ability to commit crimes
C) The ability to enforce laws
D) The ability to interpret laws
Answer: A) The ability to enter into legal relationships
58. The principle of 'Nemo tenetur seipsum accusare' means:
A) No one is bound to accuse himself
B) Everyone is bound to accuse himself
C) Self-accusation is mandatory
D) Self-accusation is irrelevant
Answer: A) No one is bound to accuse himself
59. The term 'legal personality' refers to:
A) The capacity to have rights and duties
B) The capacity to commit crimes
C) The capacity to interpret laws
D) The capacity to enforce laws
Answer: A) The capacity to have rights and duties
60. The principle of 'Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea' means:
A) An act does not make a person guilty unless there is a guilty mind
B) An act always makes a person guilty
C) Intention is irrelevant in criminal law
D) Only the act is considered in criminal law
Answer: A) An act does not make a person guilty unless there is a guilty mind
61. The term 'juristic act' refers to:
A) An act intended to produce legal consequences
B) An illegal act
C) A moral act
D) A political act
Answer: A) An act intended to produce legal consequences
62. The 'Principle of Legality' ensures:
A) Laws must be clear and precise
B) Laws can be vague and ambiguous
C) Laws are interpreted by the executive
D) Laws are applied retroactively
Answer: A) Laws must be clear and precise
63. The term 'subpoena' refers to:
A) A writ ordering a person to attend a court
B) A writ releasing a person from jail
C) A writ challenging a law
D) A writ enforcing a contract
Answer: A) A writ ordering a person to attend a court
64. The principle of 'Res judicata' means:
A) A matter that has been adjudicated by a competent court cannot be re-litigated
B) A matter can always be re-litigated
C) A matter is open for trial
D) A matter is irrelevant
Answer: A) A matter that has been adjudicated by a competent court cannot be re-litigated
65. The term 'lex loci' refers to:
A) Law of the place
B) Law of the people
C) Law of the time
D) Law of the court
Answer: A) Law of the place
66. The principle of 'Non-refoulement' in international law means:
A) Refugees should not be returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom
B) Refugees must be returned to their country of origin
C) Refugees can be returned to any country
D) Refugees have no rights
Answer: A) Refugees should not be returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom
67. The term 'jus soli' refers to:
A) Right of the soil
B) Right of blood
C) Right of the sea
D) Right of the air
Answer: A) Right of the soil
68. The principle of 'Pro bono' refers to:
A) Legal work undertaken for the public good without charge
B) Legal work undertaken for a fee
C) Legal work undertaken for profit
D) Legal work undertaken for government
Answer: A) Legal work undertaken for the public good without charge
69. The term 'juridical method' refers to:
A) Method of legal analysis and reasoning
B) Method of medical analysis
C) Method of political analysis
D) Method of economic analysis
Answer: A) Method of legal analysis and reasoning
70. The principle of 'Lex posterior' means:
A) Later law prevails over earlier law
B) Earlier law prevails over later law
C) Laws are equal
D) Laws are irrelevant
Answer: A) Later law prevails over earlier law
71. The term 'natural rights' refers to:
A) Rights inherent to human beings
B) Rights granted by the government
C) Rights granted by the courts
D) Rights granted by the legislature
Answer: A) Rights inherent to human beings
72. The term 'jurisprudential' refers to:
A) Related to the theory or philosophy of law
B) Related to the practice of medicine
C) Related to the practice of politics
D) Related to the practice of economics
Answer: A) Related to the theory or philosophy of law
73. The principle of 'Ex turpi causa non oritur actio' means:
A) No action arises from a base cause
B) Any action can arise from a base cause
C) Action arises from any cause
D) No action arises from any cause
Answer: A) No action arises from a base cause
74. The term 'legal remedy' refers to:
A) Judicial relief given to an aggrieved party
B) Medical relief given to an injured party
C) Political relief given to a citizen
D) Economic relief given to a business
Answer: A) Judicial relief given to an aggrieved party
75. The principle of 'Res judicata' means:
A) A matter that has been adjudicated by a competent court cannot be re-litigated
B) A matter can always be re-litigated
C) A matter is open for trial
D) A matter is irrelevant
Answer: A) A matter that has been adjudicated by a competent court cannot be re-litigated
76. The term 'juridical person' refers to:
A) A legal entity recognized by law
B) A human being
C) A medical professional
D) A political figure
Answer: A) A legal entity recognized by law
77. The principle of 'Pacta sunt servanda' means:
A) Agreements must be kept
B) Contracts are voidable
C) Agreements can be broken
D) Contracts are non-binding
Answer: A) Agreements must be kept
78. The term 'juridical' means:
A) Related to law and legal matters
B) Related to medicine
C) Related to politics
D) Related to economics
Answer: A) Related to law and legal matters
79. The principle of 'Nemo judex in causa sua' means:
A) No one can be a judge in their own case
B) Everyone can be a judge
C) Judges have unlimited power
D) Judges can interpret law as they wish
Answer: A) No one can be a judge in their own case
80. The term 'jurisprudence' means:
A) The philosophy of law
B) The study of court decisions
C) The practice of law
D) The enforcement of law
Answer: A) The philosophy of law
81. The principle of 'Stare decisis' means:
A) To stand by things decided
B) To ignore precedents
C) To establish new laws
D) To overrule old laws
Answer: A) To stand by things decided
82. The principle of 'Ratio decidendi' refers to:
A) The reasoning behind a decision
B) The final judgment
C) The legal precedent
D) The dissenting opinion
Answer: A) The reasoning behind a decision
83. The principle of 'Ubi jus ibi remedium' means:
A) Where there is a right, there is a remedy
B) Where there is a law, there is justice
C) Where there is a will, there is a way
D) Where there is a remedy, there is a law
Answer: A) Where there is a right, there is a remedy
84. The principle of 'Lex loci contractus' refers to:
A) Law of the place where the contract is made
B) Law of the place where the contract is performed
C) Law of the place where the contract is breached
D) Law of the place where the contract is enforced
Answer: A) Law of the place where the contract is made
85. The principle of 'Actus reus' refers to:
A) The physical act of a crime
B) The mental state of a crime
C) The intention behind a crime
D) The motive behind a crime
Answer: A) The physical act of a crime
86. The principle of 'Mens rea' refers to:
A) The mental state of a crime
B) The physical act of a crime
C) The result of a crime
D) The motive behind a crime
Answer: A) The mental state of a crime
87. The principle of 'Volenti non fit injuria' means:
A) To a willing person, no injury is done
B) Injury must be compensated
C) Injuries are punishable
D) Injuries are unavoidable
Answer: A) To a willing person, no injury is done
88. The principle of 'De minimis non curat lex' means:
A) The law does not concern itself with trifles
B) The law is concerned with all matters
C) The law is strict and unyielding
D) The law is flexible and adaptable
Answer: A) The law does not concern itself with trifles
89. The principle of 'Ultra vires' means:
A) Beyond the powers
B) Within the powers
C) According to law
D) Against equity
Answer: A) Beyond the powers
90.According to Pond, what should be the primary goal of law ?
A) To maintain social order
B) To achieve justice
C) To promote economic efficiency
D) To enforce moral values
Answer: B) To achieve justice
91. What did Ronald Dworkin criticize about legal positivism?
a) Its emphasis on moral principles
b) Its reliance on judicial discretion
c) Its separation of law and morality
d) Its focus on legal rules
Answer: c) Its separation of law and morality
92. What does H.L.A. Hart mean by "the internal point of view"?
a) The perspective of lawmakers
b) The perspective of legal officials
c) The perspective of the common people
d) The perspective of moral philosophers
Answer: b) The perspective of legal officials
93. According to H.L.A. Hart, what role do social rules play in law?
a) They determine the validity of laws.
b) They regulate interpersonal behavior.
c) They enforce legal obligations.
d) They guide judicial decision-making.
Answer: b) They regulate interpersonal behavior.
94. Who coined the term "hard cases" to describe legal situations where the law does not provide a clear answer?
a) Lon Fuller
b) H.L.A. Hart
c) Ronald Dworkin
d) John Austin
Answer: c) Ronald Dworkin
95. What does Ronald Dworkin argue should guide judicial decision- making in "hard cases"?
a) Legal formalism
b) The rule of recognition
c) Moral principles
d) The internal point of view
Answer: c) Moral principles
96. Which of the following best describes Lon Fuller's concept of "the inner morality of law"?
a) The moral principles inherent in legal systems
b) The procedural fairness of legal processes
c) The social function of legal rules d) The authority of legal officials
Answer: a) The moral principles inherent in legal systems
97. What term did Lon Fuller use to describe the minimum standards of legality?
a) The rule of recognition
b) The internal point of view
c) The principle of legality
d) The morality of aspiration
Answer: c) The principle of legality
98. What does "the procedural naturalism" refer to in Lon Fuller's theory?
a) The inherent fairness of legal processes
b) The harmony between law and natural principles
c) The procedural rules of a legal system
d) The social function of legal rules
Answer: a) The inherent fairness of legal processes
99. Who criticized the Analytical School for its focus on formal legal rules over substantive justice?
a) Lon Fuller
d) John Austin
c) Ronald Dworkin
b) H.L.A. Hart
Answer: c) Ronald Dworkin
200. What term did Ronald Dworkin use to describe judges' role in interpreting the law?
" in the
a) Discretionary authority
b) Moral reasoning
c) Judicial activism
d) Legal positivism
Answer: b) Moral reasoning
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